Plant functional traits reflect different dimensions of species invasiveness

Trait-based invasiveness studies typically categorize exotic species as invasive or noninvasive, implicitly assuming form two homogenous groups. However, can become in different ways (e.g., high abundance, fast spread), likely relying on functional traits to do so. As such, binary classification may obscure associated with invasiveness. We tested whether (1) the way which is quantified influences its correlation and (2) demography-based metrics are related sets of traits. Using a case study 251 herbs Victoria, Australia, we species’ using 10 metrics: four continuous, dimensions (spread rate, local geographic environmental range sizes) six classifications (based alternative sources invasion criteria). examined between set known relate plant demography invasion. Then, demographic were better explained by found that was important: linked metrics, some showed opposite effects across metrics. Species spread either tall small seeds (i.e., good colonizers), had heavy, animal-dispersed seeds. Plants large greater plasticity for Locally abundant plants low SLA heavy strong competitors). Animal dispersal also key reach range. No consistently classifications. Our results indicate rely combinations be Some seed mass) complex relationships invasion: they apparently promote, hampered, no influence findings consistent notion use strategies near optimal under some, but not all, ecological conditions. Compared invasiveness, advances clearer hypothesis testing science.